islamic jihad organization
New York, NY: Vintage Books. by Thomas Graham Web. Updates? Because 12 lunar months multiplied by 29.53 days equals 354.36 days, the Islamic calendar will always be approximately 11 days shorter than the Western (Gregorian) calendar. El Debek used his U.S. passport to enter and leave Thailand, consistent with his instructions from Hizballah to use his U.S. passport so he could travel from Malaysia to Thailand without obtaining a visa. Hizballah was founded in the 1980s with support from Iran after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and its mission includes establishing a fundamentalist Islamic state in Lebanon. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. 2006. pg. "[21], Hala Jaber calls it a name "deliberately contrived by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and their recruits to cast confusion. According to investigative journalist Ronen Bergman, "Islamic Jihad" was one of many aliases used by Hezbollah. He was captured by the Albanian security services in 1998 and extradited to Egypt, where he was jailed. The EIJ and al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GIA), the other main militant Islamist organization operating in Egypt in the 1980s and 1990s, had a mostly cooperative relationship. New York, NY: Vintage Books. 20 August 2015. [4], Aymenn al-Zawahiri (1979-1998)- Zawahiri, an eye surgeon by trade, was an influential member of the EIJ since its founding in 1979. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 2006. Al-Qaeda merged with a number of other militant Islamist organizations, including Egypts Islamic Jihad and the Islamic Group, and on several occasions its leaders declared holy war against the United States. 20 August 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. [22] Gebara, Khalil. There is some debate as to whether the merger was both begun and completed in 1998, or if the process was more gradual, and complete unification was not finalized until 2001. 20 August 2015. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Web. Global Health Program, Putin-Xi Summit Reinforces Anti-U.S. Partnership, In Brief [10], Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar (unknown-1998): Naggar was believed to be one of the leaders of the EIJs European cell. After Kourani called the IJO Pager, the handler would contact Kourani to set up an in-person meeting by calling a phone belonging to one of Kouranis relatives. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. A program of theCenter for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC). 20 August 2015. Web. Web. 20 August 2015. Web. [6] Gebara, Khalil. Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shiite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. v. Islamic Republic of Iran", "Two Iranian exiles are assassinated in Paris", "1992 Patterns of Global Terrorism: The Year in Review", "Abductors in Beirut Demand That Israel Free 400 Prisoners", "1991: Church envoy Waite freed in Beirut", "From the archive: Bells ring nationwide to welcome Terry Waite", "Interview with former Beirut KGB resident Yuri Perfilev", "Interviews Robert Baer Terror And Tehran FRONTLINE PBS", "Islamic Jihad Says It Bombed Embassy; Toll 21", "Hezbollah Again Postpones General Congress", "Israel denies assassinating Hezbollah chief", "CIA and Mossad killed senior Hezbollah figure in car bombing", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Jihad_Organization&oldid=1142608578, Islamic organizations established in 1983, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox militant organization with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 24 May 1982. He was replaced by Ramadan Abdallah Shallah, a British-educated Palestinian, who taught Middle Eastern courses at the University of South Florida from 1990 to 1995. The user can change map settings to display different features (e.g., leadership changes), adjust the time scale, and trace individual groups. [1] Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. Car bomb attack on French Embassy in Beirut killing 12 and wounding 27. Islamic Jihad released a photograph that claimed to show the (dead) body of French citizen. Corrections? Updates? 20 August 2015; Gebara, Khalil. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Web. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. WebThe Islamic Jihad Organization IJO or Organisation du Jihad Islamique in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" for short, was a Shia[3] militia known for its activities in the Shaqaqi remained the head of the organization until his 1995 death in Malta, allegedly at the hands of Israeli agents, according to Military.com. 20 August 2015. In April 2009, Kourani became a naturalized citizen and was issued a U.S. passport. Web. Backgrounder An official website of the United States government. Later, this title was occasionally used to refer to the EIJ as a whole. Military experience gained from fighting in Syrias civil war and decades of clashes with Israel have made the Iran-backed group stronger than ever, but the biggest threat it faces may be upheaval in its own backyard. The Egyptian Islamic Group (EIJ) was a militant Islamist organization founded in 1979 as a splinter of the Muslim Brotherhood. Web. However, senior Iranian officials denied the alleged connections. Web. A known IMU spokesperson in a video message delivered to Radio Libertys Tajik service claimed responsibility for a September 2010 ambush against a military convoy in Tajikistan. Web. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 
Web. Under Sharifs leadership, the group grew more extreme, and began emphasizing the concept of takfir, the belief that all those who are not Sunni Muslims are infidels. This is a historic step to counter Iran-backed terrorism around the world. 5 Oct. 2015. Web. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. The maximum potential sentences in this case are prescribed by Congress and are provided here for informational purposes only, as any sentencing of the defendants will be determined by a judge. 
26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. Web. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, p.147; Wright, Lawrence. Oct. 12 2015; Wright, Lawrence. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad wants to reestablish a sovereign, Islamic Palestinian state with the geographic borders of the pre-1948 mandate Palestine. WebContent copyright Jihad Watch, Jihad Watch claims no credit for any images posted on this site unless otherwise noted. The IJU is also active in Afghanistan, where the group operates alongside the Taliban-affiliated Haqqani Network. Sageman, Marc. Heightens public awareness and knowledge of terrorist organizations. Eight leaders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad were indicted by federal authorities in 2003 on fifty charges, while only one, Sami al-Arian, was arrested and sent to trial. However, Zumar too was arrested and imprisoned by the Egyptian government around this time. 2006. pg. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Kourani sometimes communicated with his handler using coded email communications, including messages sent by the handler that informed Kourani of the need to return to Lebanon. The invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 challenged that countrys viability as an al-Qaeda sanctuary and training ground and compromised communication, operational, and financial linkages between al-Qaeda leadership and its militants. [1] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. Los Angeles Times. [27] al-Youm, al-Masry. Pro-Morsy alliance considers presidential elections boycott. 31 March 2014. Kourani and certain of his relatives were present during the summer 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah in Lebanon, when a residence belonging to his family was destroyed. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Such grassroots independent groupscoalesced locally around a common agenda but subscribing to the al-Qaeda name and its broader ideologythus meant a diffuse form of militancy, and one far more difficult to confront. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. The revocation of a designation shall not affect any action or proceeding based on conduct committed prior to the effective date of such revocation. 
with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach, Asa Hutchinson: A Distinguished Career in Domestic Counterterrorism, What Zawahiris Killing Means for al-Qaeda. 20 August 2015. Mr. Kim praised the outstanding efforts of the FBIs New York Joint Terrorism Task Force, which principally consists of agents from the FBI and detectives from the NYPD. [5] As the EIJs funding sources in Egypt began to dry up, the group became increasingly reliant on bin Laden for funding and resources. Web. In order to establish contact with his handler when Kourani returned to Lebanon, Kourani called a telephone number associated with a pager (the IJO Pager) and provided a code that he understood was specific to him. [11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. [4] Not all of IJ's claims of responsibility were credible, as "in some cases, the callers seemed to be exploiting the activities of groups that had no apparent ties to Islamic Jihad," while working with some success to create "an aura of a single omnipotent force in the region."[5]. During this time, the supporters of Zawahiri and Sharif within the EIJ were sometimes referred to as the "Vanguards of Conquest" (Talaa'al al-Fateh). Web. [1] Both groups split from the Muslim Brotherhood after its renunciation of violence in the late 1970s and cooperated closely on the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. [4] Fletcher, Molly. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/al-Qaeda, The Brookings Institution - The History of Al Qaeda, al-Qaeda - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), al-Qaeda - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), US military says senior IS commander killed in Syria, Al-Qaida suspect transferred from US prison to Saudi Arabia. [5] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Web. [23] Salah, Muhammad. 2006. After its assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981 and the subsequent crackdown by the Egyptian government, many of the EIJs leaders moved to Afghanistan, where they fought the Soviets alongside the Mujahedeen. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited in Gander Crash", Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, "Hezbollah's most wanted commander killed in Syria bomb", " .. ", "Islamic Jihad Organization (Lebanon) / Islamic Jihad (IJO)", "Tehran's master terrorist, Imad Mughniyah and the forgotten road to 9/11 part I of II", "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", "Anne Dammarell et al. [4] Around this time, many EIJ members became bin Ladens primary advisors and confidantes. by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli Differences over Taiwans status have fueled rising tensions between the island and the mainland. Terrorist activity 20 August 2015. 20 August 2015. Baer claims the order for 1983 US embassy bombing is widely believed to have originated high up in the Iranian Islamic Republic's hierarchy. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when a temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats ended up in the assassination of one hostage, an affair promptly regulated by the KGB using methods of intimidation. 2006. pg. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for the death of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi. Information on where the group attacks or has external influences bin Ladens primary advisors and confidantes and to. 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